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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines can be a useful tool to help manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists are trained in the prescription and use of medications. They can prescribe the appropriate medication to minimize the adverse effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is typically three-pronged, which includes psychotherapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs are the first choice to treat anxiety, however they can take up to a week for them to be effective. disorders anxiety can be treated with SSRIs. Newer SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A variety of SSRIs have been FDA-approved to treat generalized anxiety disorder. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline (aka Zoloft), as and citalopram (aka Celexa). These medications boost serotonin levels in the brain. They may also help to increase norepinephrine as well as BDNF. They can be used alone or in combination with psychotherapy. SSRIs can cause negative effects, such as stomach and nausea however, they tend to improve as the body becomes used to the medication. The precise mechanism through which SSRIs help with anxiety is not understood fully. However, it is believed that they hinder the reuptake process of serotonin from the post-synaptic neurons and increase the concentration of serotonin within the synaptic gap. This increases the signaling across the synapses, which in turn reduces anxiety symptoms. In addition to reducing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and intensity of panic attacks. They can also help with depression and other mental health issues that often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They can be combined with cognitive behavior therapy or psychotherapy to enhance their effectiveness. In contrast to other classes of antidepressants, SSRIs don't appear to be addictive. However, it is crucial to follow the prescriptions of your doctor exactly. If you stop taking your medication abruptly, this can cause “discontinuation syndrome” and a return of anxiety-related symptoms. If SSRIs aren't for you, your doctor might try a different class of antidepressants, like nefazodone or mirtazapine. These medications are also efficient, but they carry more risk of having adverse effects than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods, such as eggs, red meat, dairy, and some vegetables and fruits. It is recommended to stay clear of these foods if taking these medications. In addition it is generally advised to avoid drinking alcohol when taking SSRIs because this can increase the severity of some adverse effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines enhance the calming effects of certain chemicals in the brain and nervous system. They work by increasing the effects of the neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is a chemical that inhibits nerve activity. These medications can be very effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and other mental disorders. However they can also be addictive and should only be used for brief durations under medical supervision. They can be harmful when used for recreational purposes, or mixed with alcohol and other substances. The use of medication is often the first thing people turn to when they have an anxiety disorder however they're not the only treatment option. Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, has also been proven to help decrease the symptoms of anxiety disorder. There are a variety of psychotherapies, but cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the most popular and efficient. This type of psychotherapy can teach you how to alter your behavior and thoughts so that you don't feel anxious as much. Alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam Clorazepate, lorazepam, and quazepam are the most commonly used benzodiazepines. Each of them has a distinct set of adverse effects, although they all share similar pharmacological properties. Clorazepate, for instance is more effective in treating seizure disorders compared to other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam, on the contrary, is more effective in treating anxiety disorders as than the quazepam. Benzodiazepines are extremely effective, but they should not be used long-term since they can lead to physical dependence and tolerance. In addition, they may cause withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking them suddenly for a short period of time, such as a pounding heart, sweating and shaking. Symptoms can be very unpleasant and can last for weeks but they can be minimized by gradually reducing the medication. Benzodiazepines are extremely addictive and should be used only for a short period of time, usually not more than 4 weeks. You should be monitoring your heart rate, blood pressure and breathing closely during this period to ensure that you do not have an extremely severe reaction. If you're thinking about taking a benzodiazepine prescription consult your physician about your past history of abuse. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are used to treat anxiety symptoms. These medications prevent adrenaline from binding with beta receptors in your nervous system. This stops the hormone from producing physical reactions such as heart palpitations or tremors. These drugs are commonly used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues however, they can also be prescribed for non-pharmacological use in cases of anxiety. When you are anxious your body produces a chemical known as adrenaline that signals the body to prepare for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds with beta receptors in the brain and heart which causes your heart rate to increase and may cause other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are class medications used to treat hypertension, and other heart conditions. They work by blocking adrenaline's binding action. This helps to lower the heart rate and blood pressure. Unlike SSRIs and benzodiazepines, which require a long time to produce a noticeable improvement in your symptoms, beta-blockers can be acted upon quickly. They are a good choice for those who require immediate relief from anxiety-related symptoms. For instance, those who have to give a public speech or fly in an airplane. Additionally, they are an excellent choice for those who suffer from anxiety and a chronic heart condition such as congestive heart failure or atherosclerosis. Beta-blockers can reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety, but they don't address the underlying causes. They are therefore only prescribed in conjunction with an extensive treatment plan that includes lifestyle modifications and counseling. They can be beneficial for those who have tried medication for anxiety and found it to be ineffective, or had unpalatable side effects. There are many different kinds of beta-blockers such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will determine the best one for you depending on your medical history and overall health. Taking these medications can have negative side effects, including low blood pressure or fatigue and fatigue, so it is crucial to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs The first MAOIs were developed in the 1950s. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants for a variety of anxiety and depression. They aren't as frequently used as SSRIs and other antidepressants due to the strict dietary restrictions that are required as well as the risk of interactions with other drugs. Certain MAOIs are available in tablet form and can be taken orally, whereas others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal patch for skin. MAOIs block the actions of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine as well as serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in sleep, mood and appetite as in sexual function as well. MAOIs also have anti-anxiety effects. However, they are more likely to trigger side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and are accompanied by warnings in boxes for suicide. Your doctor may prescribe additional medicines or treatments to manage your symptoms, in addition to the MAOIs below. For instance, a beta blocker (such as propranolol) is usually prescribed to relieve the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may recommend relaxation techniques or other home remedies to alleviate your symptoms. The first MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during research into tuberculosis in 1952. It was soon discovered to possess mood-enhancing properties and is considered the original antidepressant medication. MAOIs should only be used in cases where other antidepressants have failed, since they can cause serious side-effects that require immediate medical attention. If you take an MAOI and consume foods that contain the chemical tyramine that is found in many cheeses, red meats, shellfish, fish, as well as some dietary supplements, it can trigger a dangerous reaction that results in high blood pressure. Symptoms of this severe reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea vomiting, as well as a fast heart rate. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and can cause serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts or behavior. Before prescribing MAOIs, your doctor will discuss with you the foods you should avoid. They will instruct you to avoid eating food items that contain tyramine when you are taking the drug. He or she will also provide the list of foods that are safe to eat when taking MAOIs. Using this food guide can help you avoid MAOI-related side effects.